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Emil O. W. Kirkegaard's avatar

Regarding the MAOA variants, from the Finnish dissertation:

"The promoter region of the MAOA gene contains a 30-base repeat sequence repeated several different numbers of times, forming several different variants: 2R (two repeats), 3R, 3.5R, 4R, 4.5R and 5R variants, of which the 3R and 5R have been indicated with lower MAO-A enzymatic activity compared to 3.5R and 4R. The low activity MAOA genotype or MAOA gene mutation leads to reduced MAO-A enzyme activity, which in turn leads to elevated levels of neurotransmitters in the brain."

So my assumption of more repeats less violent was wrong in the interpretation of one table. However, it didn't matter because Asians have a lot of the 3R (also low activity according to above), whereas they should have more of 3.5 and 4R. We will have to look in some newer datasets of sequencing data to be sure about these variants and their frequencies. The Finnish study found that the 2R didn't exist in their dataset of ~2700 people, so frequency must be quite small < 0.1%.

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Ferien's avatar

Maybe Asians have other gene variants that counteract MAOA 3R (but not 2R) effect, that Europeans do not have. Nonlinear effects.

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Laura Creighton's avatar

What's with the double 'Yugoslavia's in the Danish data? Plus Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia & Montenegro -- but no Croatia or Slovenia?

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Emil O. W. Kirkegaard's avatar

It's because the country was split up twice, so there was the original Yugoslavia (Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Montenegro), and then Yugoslavia reduced (Serbia and Montenegro), and then the independent countries during and after the war. Depending on when someone arrived, they will get different origin even if they are from the same place. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia

Same thing for Soviet Union (mostly Russia, but also other countries) vs. Russia.

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Laura Creighton's avatar

But by 2010 the breakup of Yugoslavia is long over. If this is a chart of violent crimes committed by people, is it sorted by 'What was the name of the country you were born in at the time when you were born'? If so, it doesn't show a 'violence is predominantly a young man's crime' signal I would have expected, because all these names would do is sort by date. Is it 'whatever the criminal wrote on his immigration form'?

If you wanted to make a bar on the chart with that represents to 'Violent Crime Conviction in Denmark 2010-2021done by somebody whose of national origin is any place that was part of Yugoslavia in 1980, whatever it happens to be called now' could you just add all the pieces? Because eyeballing that, it would seem to make the people of 'Former Yugoslavia' the most murderous of all. Or is some sort of 'division by the number of people in total going on?

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Emil O. W. Kirkegaard's avatar

It makes sense just fine. These are people living in Denmark, and their recorded origin is the country they came from at the time they came. One cannot say which later country a person from Yugoslavia1 should be assigned to, just like one cannot say whether a person who came from Soviet Union in 1985 should be assigned to Russia, Ukraine, or somewhere else.

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Cemil Kerimoglu's avatar

It is interesting that in the 2022 GWAS study that you cite they found a significant association between FOXP2 and anti-social behavior, a gene that is famously known to be involved in speech & language in humans.

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Realist's avatar

It's good to see evidence of what honest, observant people already knew.

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alex's avatar

I grew up in New York but live in Italy now. I originally thought black people were naturally aggressive growing up but living in Europe and seeing many real African I don't believe that anymore. Africans and Afro-Americans are very different.

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Ferien's avatar

Other hypothesis is that blank-slatist propaganda got stronger in recent year, coinciding with your migration to Italy

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alex's avatar

for the record 1. I'm not a blank slatist 2. I'm very anti BLM ... with that said i do find it interesting that black americans and black africans are very different. Over here they are fairly docile. The groups that are clearly violent and pushy are the arabs/muslims.

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Aroka's avatar

In general, the people of South Asia have branched out from two main populations, one is steppe warriors and the other is Zagros Neolithic farmers.

Their current low level of violence does not match their ancestors because neither the steppe warriors who created Sintashta nor the Neolithic farmers who created Elam were gentle.

Is their behavior affected by a recent natural selection force to reduce violence in them? It should be an interesting topic for research.

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Henry Rodger Beck's avatar

Kirkegaard, and others who discuss this field, are referring specifically to disorganized violence. Saying "Eastasians aren't violent" is ostensibly preposterous, given how many of the most violent and hideous wars and atrocities in the history of mankind -- the Korean War, the Cultural Revolution -- took place among their peoples. But it's clear that the sort of reactive criminality associated with gangsta rappers, juvenile delinquents, and homeless people happens at vastly different levels by race. I.Q. explains quite a bit of this, but not all.

We should explore this because crime is bad, and efforts to reduce it are good. And unlike the blank-slatist efforts preceding this, which only ever result in an increase of criminality, genetics would actually be a legitimate root cause. One with which, someday, our tackling of could make a meaningful difference in criminality's reduction. (Though we should still stress the return to our societies of actually punishing criminals, in ways that actually make a difference, before they bury our civilizations, all the same.)

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Joshua Oreskovich's avatar

I suspect this points at how they actually socialize. It's one thing to cause lots of warring tribal purges with somewhat greater hesitation, it's another to be an individual psychopathic menace, much more conditional accessible violence.

With Blacks it's different they seem to be much more 'at the ready' .. hence Rwanda. Haiti is different they're all the same tribe, there's no major speciation difference, so they simply eat each other like a large family might.

It's very likely that Black American do so poorly, because they cannot mitigate individual freedom well. And they are not at all the same tribe but pulled all but at random from Africa.

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Henry Rodger Beck's avatar

There was nothing spontaneous about Rwanda. Hutu resentment against the Tutsis dated back centuries. The country had been in a state of civil and race war for years before the genocide.

Nor is Haiti "all the same tribe". There's tremendous resentment between the negro and mulatto peoples of the country over the latter's disproportionate power, influence, and competence. It was exactly such resentment that Papa Doc ran on in the one remotely legitimate election he ever ran in. None of which he personally believed, as he was married to the whitest woman in the country.

Haitian cannibalism also allegedly has deep roots, largely due to black magic. Rumors of it go back to at least the 19th Century. It was just seldom investigated on account of being so sordid and shameful. The victims are also generally of too minor importance to warrant attention. But there are exceptions. Like the Bizoton affair. A horrifying black magic ritual murder of a 12-year-old girl. Eight people were executed for participating in such depravity:

https://mikedashhistory.com/2013/05/25/the-child-murder-that-gave-voodoo-its-bad-name/

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Joshua Oreskovich's avatar

With due respect and mostly agreement with your points, there isn't a lot we disagree on. My premise here though is one of bond forming and IQ, mainly.

If we tease part the black vs. mulatto's differences this is about taking much more adaptive genetics and interbreeding them with somewhere near the bottom of the adaptation stack.

That won't breed out the violence, but it seems a far cry different than say the hutus vs. the tutsi's doesn't it? Where one is given preferential treatment vs. closer to something like earning it.

Could it be that it's essentially it wasn't 'seen' as a divide of heredity as much as class.

From one report of Rwanda the country wasn't divided by class, and that noteworthy people of all classes pulled machetes from the lowest caste, to doctor and politicians. This is a speciation change that has already completely occurred somewhere in history and there is an inbuilt animosity. Whereas with could it be however different mulattos are from the original tribe of Haiti they seem themselves as roughly the same at least to the end of desiring to be 'westernized.'

the point being that there's an inbuilt social immunity that emerges and calcifies. But in the cases given particularly in America there's too much biological divergence from the getgo despite seeming greater collusion and lower suicidality of today's blacks.

Could it be that individuality itself, is much more difficult for blacks? (or could it be that blacks struggle isn't just IQ, but rhythmic impulse)

And the reason I raise this is because there seems to be an inverse corollary between IQ and social needs, even to the point where you can take a snapshot of any given African tribe and seeing they move together as a tightknit people very often, and the higher up the civilization chain the less and less this happens.

You see a similar case that's consistent amongst most or all blacks in their short-term energy exchange, for instance for how they interplay with alcohol addiction in comparison to other races.

And likelwise this seems to promulgate in how they react physically to appraoch to rhythm as well perhaps .. seems closely linked in any case.

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Ferien's avatar

It was 4 millenia ago!

Also, living in a society which encourages violence towards outgroup and making random acts of violence while living in society which encourages peace are different things.

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Kamuy's avatar

Were the Zagros farmers more violent than average?

During the Bronze Age, Chalcolithic Iranians who were predominantly Zagros Farmer in ancestry spread all over the Middle East and their paternal J1/J2 lineage were very successful. Surprisingly, their language didn’t spread very much.

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Aroka's avatar

Yes they were, or at least the ones that entered the Indian subcontinent were violent enough, most of the Neolithic Zagros ancestry in India is paternal rather than maternal, meaning they first fought and killed the men, then took the women.

Such behavior is not very gentle.

Apart from the fact that modern Iranians, whose genetic treasury is mostly from Zagros farmers are highly violent.

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Ferien's avatar

What was their language?

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Kamuy's avatar

They likely spoke multiple languages, but the only one that’s been attested so for is Elamite, which is unrelated to any other known language. It’s possible that Hurro-Urartian or Sumerian also descend from Chalcolithic Iranians, but we don’t know for sure bc they weren’t spoken on the Iranian Plateau geographically.

What’s crazy is that these Iranian Plateau migrants replaced over 50% of the native ancestry in the Levant as well as the majority of their paternal lineages, and yet they still kept speaking their original Semitic languages. Such a dramatic demographic change without any linguistic impact is unheard of

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Ferien's avatar

Thanks Emil!

Btw effect on 2R alllele in American blacks might be somewhat overestimated because blacks with 2R on average have less European ancestry than blacks with 4R allele.

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jonathan amit's avatar

The table you provided shows an unusually low frequency of the **4R allele** (35.06%) for **Ashkenazi Jews**, compared to the more commonly reported 60-70% in other research. Given that the **4R allele** is often considered the "neutral" or "normal" variant of the MAOA gene (as opposed to 2R, which is sometimes associated with behavioral risks), this low figure raises concerns about potential bias.

While it's difficult to make definitive claims about **intentional bias**, particularly antisemitic bias, without knowing more about the source of the data, several aspects are worth noting:

1. **Outlier Data for Jews**: The reported **35.06%** for 4R in Jewish populations is significantly lower than what's typically observed. This could suggest either an error in data collection or manipulation to depict Ashkenazi Jews unfavorably if the researcher had biased intent. The table may be suggesting that Ashkenazi Jews have a lower proportion of the "beneficial" 4R allele.

2. **Other Population Comparisons**: The frequencies for other groups (e.g., **Hispanics** at **70.65%**) are higher than what's usually reported, which may further indicate skewed data. This could reflect a potential desire to highlight certain populations more favorably by inflating their 4R frequencies while lowering others.

3. **Possible Implications of 2R and 3R**: If the 2R and 3R alleles (sometimes linked with negative behavioral traits) are more prominent in populations where they aren't typically seen at such high levels, it could further suggest bias. However, the reported **62.34% 3R** frequency for Ashkenazi Jews is consistent with general findings, though the unusually low 4R figure stands out.

### Conclusion:

Based on the unusually low **4R frequency** for **Ashkenazi Jews**, this table could suggest **intentional bias**, especially if the data for Ashkenazi Jews has been altered to reflect lower-than-expected frequencies of a generally considered "positive" allele. If this data diverges from a broader body of genetic research, it could indicate that the creator of this table may have manipulated the figures, possibly reflecting antisemitic bias.

That said, without knowing the original intent or source, it's crucial to investigate the legitimacy of this data further. If the table's creator consistently underreports genetic traits considered "positive" in certain populations, this would strengthen the argument for potential bias.

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Emil O. W. Kirkegaard's avatar

Tiny sample.

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jonathan amit's avatar

Yes, it's plausible that the **Ashkenazi Jewish population** inherited a higher frequency of the **MAOA 4R allele** from their **Levantine ancestors**, given that certain **Near Eastern populations** (including those from the Levant) have been reported to have relatively high frequencies of the 4R allele.

### Reasons This Hypothesis Makes Sense:

1. **Levantine Ancestry of Ashkenazi Jews**: Genetic studies show that the Ashkenazi Jewish population has a significant amount of ancestry tracing back to the **Levant**, the historical region that includes modern-day Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. About **50-60%** of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic ancestry is estimated to come from this region, while the rest comes from European admixture during their migration to Europe.

2. **High 4R Frequencies in the Near East**: Studies on **Middle Eastern and Near Eastern populations**, particularly those in the Levant, often show high frequencies of the **4R allele**, similar to European populations or even higher. This pattern suggests that the 4R allele may have been prevalent in the ancestral populations of the Levant, including the ancient Hebrews and other Semitic peoples.

3. **Inheritance of 4R in Ashkenazi Jews**: Given that **Ashkenazi Jews** have both Levantine and European ancestry, it would be logical for them to have inherited the **high 4R frequency** from their Levantine ancestors. This could explain why Ashkenazi Jewish populations typically show a relatively high frequency of the 4R allele, similar to other populations with significant Near Eastern ancestry.

4. **Ashkenazi Genetic Profile**: Studies on the **Ashkenazi genetic profile** have shown them to have patterns that overlap with both European and Middle Eastern populations. The MAOA 4R frequency in Ashkenazi Jews aligns more with European and Near Eastern populations than with groups from Sub-Saharan Africa or East Asia, where the frequencies of the 3R allele tend to be higher.

### Conclusion:

Yes, the higher frequency of **MAOA 4R** in Ashkenazi Jews could indeed be a result of inheritance from their **Levantine ancestors**, who likely had a high frequency of the 4R allele. This would be consistent with genetic evidence that ties Ashkenazi Jews to both European and Near Eastern populations, especially those from the Levant, where the 4R allele is also found at higher rates.

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jonathan amit's avatar

so i went to the study linked for data on the jewish allele frequency of 2r,3r,4r

and this came from inpatients at a mental hospital who were being studied by criminologists who want to create a link between maoa and shcizophrenia or crime.

these inpatients could even comprise of murderers or other criminals that just dont reflect the general population of israel

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Ferien's avatar

In some sense, genetics of aggression is easier to study, because a lot of murderers are held in one place (prison), that if, if our ruling elites wanted to study it.

(however, getting in prison is also conditional on being bad on judicial defense, so it's not just aggression)

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Jim Jackson's avatar

MAOA data comparing British Borderers with "pacified" Saxons and East Angles would be interesting. Include the notably humane and pacific Ashkenazim as well.

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Guy's avatar

"the effect size is 4.35 (positive)"

That's not 4 SD, right?

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Emil O. W. Kirkegaard's avatar

No.

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Joshua Oreskovich's avatar

As someone that doesn't know much but tends to be very good at spotting patterns, Just spit balling here.

The warrior gene is likely not much more than a major contributor to psychopathy. Significant., but the more obvious behaviors seem to be something like an energy expenditure issue for self-control.

So, I would expect, if I'm looking for a violence cause....

It's going to be ability to mitigate stressors. (obviously)

It's going to be ability to think outside tight knit social parameters (this is going to be directly relational to IQ or very closely interwoven)

It's going to be rhythmic, possibly due to mating preferences.

Look at how much harder on avg a black heredity can 'one punch' an opponent, it's going to be a rarer case situation unless the white heredity is more specific. But in fights that go beyond the first few seconds? This is something like an energy expenditure issue. Maybe look at the difference in MMA fights vs. boxing. From Blacks to Latino? there's likely a neurological functionality scale to be found there.

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awindowcleanerme's avatar

Important post

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Richard North's avatar

Funny - I was just surmising - "what if there is a race-related violence gene"? After all there is the sickle cell anaemia gene.

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