Looking at crimes too and reported happiness... (and since crime is about policy and personal predisposition), this seems to mean middle eastern countries and especially the gulf countries are the best at policy and laws
Arab-Berber (and African) societies are culturally characterised by mistrust, not to say a form of paranoia. This is particularly evident in beliefs about the evil eye, the ‘jnoun’, and so on, which treat every other person as a potential enemy. This has a significant impact on social and interpersonal relationships; for example, one should never pay a compliment, as this attracts the evil eye...
Excellent research. There's more to look at: the commune-level correlation diagrams could take into account other ethnicities of migrants, besides MENAPTA, to demonstrate that the correlation is really about MENAPTA and not, more broadly, about any foreign minority. Re the DAG path diagram, a weakness of this type of analysis there is no way to prove the direction of causal arrow between boxes "menapta" and "crime rate" (although it is generally okay to assume the direction which seems logical). But those are details. I very much appreciate your research and how you argument with numbers, so that the discussion becomes less biased.
Regarding the broader conclusions: I can confirm from my direct observation in Africa what you concluded from research: the level of trust among the Africans is very low. People often told me they could not trust their nearest family or friends. I witnessed scam and was also scammed more than once by persons I considered trusted. West Africans in general do not trust each other.
Your other observation, which might be missed by some readers because of complex language toward the end, seems to be that the "feeling of safety" is, surprisingly, not caused by the crimes (potentially caused by migrants), but somehow caused by the presence of migrants themselves (which statement you then propose to explain by two hypotheses). To this I can also add my own observation from The Gambia. There, crime is something intolerable, an act that brings shame to you and your family. I've known of cases when a thief was publicly lynched by appalled crowd of neighbors. Crime just does not happen and if it does, it's not accepted. I've also known the Gambians as gentle and avoiding confrontation. For this, I found it hard to believe that the same people, the Gambians, brought up in tradition of contempt towards crime, would earn bad criminal records in Europe. But surprisingly, some numbers (UK) suggest this.
Many ways would explain this, all worth investigating: (1) African immigrants could not be representative sample for their home communities, (2) fracturing of social tissue and feeling of being lost in a new culture, (3) being prone to gray zone due to extended homelessness, lack of work and lack of partner, as most migrants are men (4) unfair/biased police reports. Your research adds on top, suggesting that the crime is in fact not at all important in the decreasing feeling of safety among neighbors of MENAPTA community.
Data from gallup shows the Middle east reporting high levels of feeling safe, almost equal to Europe (the gulf countries are even higher than Europe)
https://www.gallup.com/analytics/356996/gallup-global-safety-research-center.aspx
Looking at crimes too and reported happiness... (and since crime is about policy and personal predisposition), this seems to mean middle eastern countries and especially the gulf countries are the best at policy and laws
Funny results to be sure.
Arab-Berber (and African) societies are culturally characterised by mistrust, not to say a form of paranoia. This is particularly evident in beliefs about the evil eye, the ‘jnoun’, and so on, which treat every other person as a potential enemy. This has a significant impact on social and interpersonal relationships; for example, one should never pay a compliment, as this attracts the evil eye...
Excellent research. There's more to look at: the commune-level correlation diagrams could take into account other ethnicities of migrants, besides MENAPTA, to demonstrate that the correlation is really about MENAPTA and not, more broadly, about any foreign minority. Re the DAG path diagram, a weakness of this type of analysis there is no way to prove the direction of causal arrow between boxes "menapta" and "crime rate" (although it is generally okay to assume the direction which seems logical). But those are details. I very much appreciate your research and how you argument with numbers, so that the discussion becomes less biased.
Regarding the broader conclusions: I can confirm from my direct observation in Africa what you concluded from research: the level of trust among the Africans is very low. People often told me they could not trust their nearest family or friends. I witnessed scam and was also scammed more than once by persons I considered trusted. West Africans in general do not trust each other.
Your other observation, which might be missed by some readers because of complex language toward the end, seems to be that the "feeling of safety" is, surprisingly, not caused by the crimes (potentially caused by migrants), but somehow caused by the presence of migrants themselves (which statement you then propose to explain by two hypotheses). To this I can also add my own observation from The Gambia. There, crime is something intolerable, an act that brings shame to you and your family. I've known of cases when a thief was publicly lynched by appalled crowd of neighbors. Crime just does not happen and if it does, it's not accepted. I've also known the Gambians as gentle and avoiding confrontation. For this, I found it hard to believe that the same people, the Gambians, brought up in tradition of contempt towards crime, would earn bad criminal records in Europe. But surprisingly, some numbers (UK) suggest this.
Many ways would explain this, all worth investigating: (1) African immigrants could not be representative sample for their home communities, (2) fracturing of social tissue and feeling of being lost in a new culture, (3) being prone to gray zone due to extended homelessness, lack of work and lack of partner, as most migrants are men (4) unfair/biased police reports. Your research adds on top, suggesting that the crime is in fact not at all important in the decreasing feeling of safety among neighbors of MENAPTA community.